Definition: Constipation is a common digestive problem where a person has difficulty passing stools or has infrequent bowel movements. It is typically defined as having fewer than three bowel movements per week.
Causes: There are several possible causes of constipation, including a low-fiber diet, not drinking enough fluids, lack of physical activity, certain medications (such as opioids), medical conditions (such as irritable bowel syndrome or hypothyroidism), and ignoring the urge to have a bowel movement.
Symptoms: The main symptom of constipation is infrequent bowel movements, but other symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, gas, and difficulty passing stool. Some people may also experience rectal pain, hemorrhoids, or anal fissures due to straining during bowel movements.
Diagnosis: Diagnosis of constipation is typically based on the patient's medical history, physical examination, and possibly additional tests such as blood tests, X-rays, or colonoscopy. The doctor may also ask about the patient's diet, exercise habits, and medication use.
Treatment: Treatment for constipation depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. For mild cases, lifestyle changes such as increasing fiber intake, drinking more fluids, and getting regular exercise may be enough to relieve symptoms. In more severe cases, laxatives or other medications may be prescribed by a doctor. In rare cases, surgery may be necessary.
Prevention: To prevent constipation, it is important to eat a high-fiber diet, drink plenty of fluids, stay physically active, and respond promptly to the urge to have a bowel movement.
