Gout is a type of arthritis that occurs when there is a build-up of uric acid in the blood, leading to the formation of uric acid crystals in the joints. These crystals can cause sudden and severe pain, swelling, redness, and inflammation in the affected joint.
Gout typically affects the joint at the base of the big toe, but it can also occur in other joints such as the ankle, knee, wrist, and fingers. The pain and other symptoms of gout can come on suddenly and may be triggered by certain factors, such as a high-purine diet, alcohol consumption, dehydration, injury to the joint, or certain medications.
Gout is more common in men than in women, and it is often associated with other health conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity.
The diagnosis of gout is based on a physical examination, medical history, and blood tests to measure uric acid levels. Imaging tests such as X-rays and ultrasound may also be done to check for joint damage and to rule out other conditions.
Treatment for gout typically involves managing pain and inflammation with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroids, as well as medications that help lower uric acid levels, such as allopurinol or febuxostat. Lifestyle changes such as maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding trigger foods, and staying hydrated can also help prevent gout attacks.
