Throat cancer refers to cancerous tumors that develop in your throat (pharynx), voice box (larynx) or tonsils.
Throat cancer most often begins in the flat cells that line the inside of your throat.
Your voice box sits just below your throat and also is susceptible to throat cancer.
Throat cancer can also affect the piece of cartilage (epiglottis) that acts as a lid for your windpipe. Tonsil cancer, another form of throat cancer, affects the tonsils, which are located on the back of the throat.
SymptomsSigns and symptoms of throat cancer may include:
• A cough
• Changes in your voice, such as hoarseness or not speaking clearly
• Difficulty swallowing
• Ear pain
• A lump or sore that doesn't heal
• A sore throat
• Weight loss
CausesThroat cancer occurs when cells in your throat develop genetic mutations. These mutations cause cells to grow uncontrollably and continue living after healthy cells would normally die. The accumulating cells can form a tumor in your throat.
It's not clear what causes the mutation that causes throat cancer. But doctors have identified factors that may increase your risk.
Risk factorsFactors that can increase your risk of throat cancer include:
• Tobacco use, including smoking and chewing tobacco
• Excessive alcohol use
• A sexually transmitted virus called human papillomavirus (HPV)
• A diet lacking in fruits and vegetables
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
PreventionThere's no proven way to prevent throat cancer from occurring. But in order to reduce your risk of throat cancer, you can:
• Stop smoking or don't start smoking
• Drink alcohol only in moderation, if at all
• Choose a healthy diet full of fruits and vegetables
• Protect yourself from HPV
Source: MayoClinic
