Hyperthyroidism, a condition characterized by an overactive thyroid gland:
Definition: Hyperthyroidism refers to the excessive production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland, leading to an accelerated metabolism and increased bodily functions.
Causes: The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is an autoimmune disorder called Graves' disease. Other causes include thyroid nodules, inflammation of the thyroid (thyroiditis), excessive iodine intake, and certain medications.
Symptoms: Hyperthyroidism symptoms can vary but often include weight loss, increased appetite, rapid heartbeat (palpitations), nervousness, irritability, sweating, heat intolerance, trembling hands, fatigue, muscle weakness, and difficulty sleeping.
Diagnosis: Diagnosis of hyperthyroidism involves blood tests to measure levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), as well as thyroid hormone levels (T3 and T4). In hyperthyroidism, TSH levels are low, and T3 and T4 levels are high.
Treatment: The primary goal of hyperthyroidism treatment is to reduce thyroid hormone levels and restore normal thyroid function. Treatment options may include anti-thyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or thyroid surgery (thyroidectomy), depending on the underlying cause and individual circumstances.
Management: In addition to medical treatment, lifestyle modifications can help manage hyperthyroidism symptoms. These may include stress reduction techniques, maintaining a healthy diet, avoiding excessive iodine intake, and getting sufficient rest.
Complications: Untreated or poorly managed hyperthyroidism can lead to complications such as heart problems (e.g., arrhythmias), osteoporosis (weakening of bones), eye problems (in Graves' disease), and thyrotoxic crisis (a severe, life-threatening condition).
Long-term outlook: With appropriate treatment and management, most people with hyperthyroidism can effectively control their symptoms and lead normal lives. Regular monitoring and follow-up with a healthcare professional are essential to ensure the condition is well-managed.
Remember, these are brief notes, and if you suspect you have hyperthyroidism or have any concerns about your health, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and diagnosis.
Author: Sushanta Kumar Ghosh, Physiotherapy Specialist, DIU Medical Center
